We provide a long-term perspective on the individual retirement behaviour and on the future of retirement. In a Markovian political economic theoretical framework, in which incentives to retire early are embedded, we derive a political equilibrium with positive social security contribution rates...

In 2020, the extensive consequences of the COVID-19 crisis placed social protection even more squarely at the centre of attention. As the health, economic and social impacts of COVID-19 echoed all over the world, social protection programmes were urgently developed, adapted, or extended to...

Over the last two years, Sudan has undergone significative changes in its internal political configuration. However, the implementation of State-provided social protection programmes is not entirely new in the country, which already had a tradition in providing income, consumption goods and...

The implementation of nationally appropriate social protection systems for all has emerged as one of the key targets of SDG 1, calling for all countries to report on the coverage of social protection programmes. Most approaches to measure social protection coverage take a 'participation'...