This paper examines whether foreign direct investment between countries fosters stock market integration. Empirical tests demonstrate that both the flow and the level of bilateral foreign direct investment between countries explain country-pair stock market integration. More specifically, higher...

Younger, riskier, less credible firms do not voluntarily supply initial public offering prospectus earnings forecasts. Nondisclosure increases valuation uncertainty risk, thus necessitating higher first-day underpricing and long-run performance as compensation.

Conditions under which private firms going public will voluntarily disclose earnings forecasts in initial public offerings prospectuses are explored. The analysis implies younger, riskier companies do not voluntarily forecast earnings because of the potential costs of not performing as well as...