The Multinational Subsidiary is conceptualized as a semi-autonomous entity with entrepreneurial potential, within a complex competitive arena, consisting of an internal environment of other subsidiaries, internal customers and suppliers, and an external environment consisting of customers,...

This paper examines the characteristics of foreign-owned subsidiaries in export-intensive "leading-edge industry clusters" as defined by Porter [1990]. Using a sample of 229 subsidiaries from three countries, we show that subsidiaries in such clusters are more embedded, more autonomous, and more...