spending on other essentials. This study examines household head tobacco expenditures in various inequality settings. In this … study, we investigated the impact of gender, race, and educational inequality and the substitution effect of tobacco … spend on tobacco in different inequality settings that replace households' essentials. The panel setting of the National …

This study examines the spatial impact of FDI on the poverty of 44 African countries. In achieving this, the study uses …'s poverty, (2) improved institutional quality in neighboring countries has a significant impact on the FDI-poverty reduction … nexus of the host country, (3) the empirical results lend support for a significant spatial spillover of poverty in the …