The present study compares the perceptions of fairness of national earned incomes between the populations of Germany and the rest of Europe based on recent data from the European Social Survey (ESS). The vast majority of European respondents consider very low gross earned incomes to be unjustly...

Chapter 1. Why Prioritize Needs? -- Part I: Identification of Needs -- Chapter 2. Need as One Distribution Principle: Frames and Framing -- Chapter 3. Measuring Need-Based Justice—Empirically and Formally -- Part II: Structures and Processes of the Recognition of Needs -- Chapter 4. The Social...

The paper introduces a short scale for measuring attitudes to four fundamental principles of the just distribution of benefits and burdens in a society. The Basic Social Justice Orientations (BSJO) scale is an eight-item scale that measures agreement with the equality, equity, need, and...