. Unemployment has decreased, but remains high, and output is still far below potential. Competitiveness has improved, but more is …

. Unemployment has decreased, but remains high, and output is still far below potential. Competitiveness has improved, but more is …

such a partial reform of employment protection may be perverse. The main effect may be high turnover in fixed-duration jobs …, leading in turn to higher, not lower, unemployment, And, even if unemployment comes down, workers may actually be worse off …, going through many spells of unemployment and fixed duration jobs, before obtaining a regular job. Looking at French data …

of unemployment. It is this body of work we assess in this paper. We reach two main conclusions. First, there has been … think, for example, about the relations between technological progress and unemployment. Second, empirical knowledge lags … or across countries. We look at two issues: the relation of wages to unemployment and the rise of European unemployment …

In the 1970s, European unemployment started increasing. It increased further in the 1980s, to reach a plateau in the … 1990s. It is still high today, although the average unemployment rate hides a high degree of heterogeneity across countries …. The focus of researchers and policy makers was initially on the role of shocks. As unemployment remained high, the focus …

In countries where wages are primarily set by collective bargaining, the effects on unemployment of changes in the … relations. In this paper, we examine the role this quality of labor relations has played in the evolution of unemployment across … relations have experienced higher unemployment. This conclusion remains even after controlling for labor institutions …

Two key facts about European unemployment must be explained: the rise in unemployment since the 1960s, and the … heterogeneity of individual country experiences. While adverse shocks can potentially explain much of the rise in unemployment … institutions pre-date the rise in unemployment. Based on a panel of institutions and shocks for 20 OECD nations since 1960, we find …

such a partial reform of employment protection may be perverse. The main effect may be high turnover in fixed-duration jobs …, leading in turn to higher, not lower, unemployment. And, even if unemployment comes down, workers may actually be worse off …, going through many spells of unemployment and fixed duration jobs, before obtaining a regular job. Looking at French data …