approach, we find that union density is greatest, ceteris paribus, within establishments in areas of high unemployment …

(carrots) and restrictive (sticks) programs. We apply this to contrast regime and treatment effects on unemployment durations …, employment, and post-unemployment earnings using register data that contain PES and case-worker identifiers for about 130,000 job … seekers. The results show that "carrots" and "sticks" treatments prolong unemployment, but carrots increase earnings whereas …

selective extension of the potential duration of unemployment benefits. If social interactions are important, this policy change … affects entitled individuals not only directly, but also indirectly by altering the duration of unemployment in the reference …

selective extension of the potential duration of unemployment benefits. If social interactions are important, this policy change … affects entitled individuals not only directly, but also indirectly by altering the duration of unemployment in the reference …

Unemployment is notoriously difficult to predict. In previous studies, once country fixed effects are added to panel … estimates, few variables predict changes in unemployment rates. Using panel data for 29 European countries - Austria; Belgium … predict changes in the unemployment rate 12 months in advance based on individuals' fears of unemployment, their perceptions …