climate of employment relations and union effects on employment growth. …

This paper examines the causes and consequences of changes in the incidence ofentrepreneurship in the UK. Self-employment … as a proportion of total employment is high byinternational standards in the United Kingdom, but the share has fluctuated … over time. Weexamine the time series movements in self-employment, which are dominantly driven byfinancial liberalisation …

to maintain their real wages by reducing labor demand still further. Furthermore, we argue inflationary pressures have … not the case. Although unemployment is low, the labor market is not 'tight'. On the contrary, we show that what matters … for wage growth are the non-employment rate and the under-employment rate. Both are high and act as brakes on wage growth …

's theoretical framework: (i) wages are higher in states with more generous unemployment benefits, (ii) the perceived probability of …

it is quite small in 2004. Negative union effects on employment growth and financial performance are largely confined to …