commuting trips in the entire Netherlands. Weather measurements are local and time specific (hourly basis). As most commuters … areas (and up to 15 percent of the overall commuting costs). …

Reimbursement of commuting costs by employers has attracted little attention from economists. We develop a theoretical … frictions and show that partial reimbursement of commuting cost will in general be an element of the recruitment policy. The … alternative explanation that stresses the role of tax incentives is unlikely to provide a full explanation of the commuting costs …

We develop an equilibrium job search model in which employees incur endogenous commuting costs. This model leads to the … following conclusions:1.Firms partially compensate workers for the incurred commuting costs.2.When workers have more bargaining … power, they will receive less compensation for the incurred commuting costs.3.The average commuting costs are an increasing …