California is in the midst of a demographic transformation. According to the 2000 U.S. Census, nearly 30 percent of the California population is now foreign-born, more than 50 percent of the population belongs to a minority group, and the elderly (those 65 and older) comprise 11 percent of the...

Cognitive mapping is central to spatial behavior and decision making. The cumulative process of spatial learning, during which cognitive maps develop primarily through wayfinding and travel experience, affects accessibility by determining whether and how destinations are encoded into...