for the United States but also with reference to the wider world. We establish the outlines of international integration a … century ago and analyze the institutional and informational impediments that prevented the late nineteenth century world from … achieving the same degree of integration as today. We conclude that the world today is different: commercial and financial …

The sharp realities of financial globalization become clear during crises, when winners and losers emerge. Crises usher … Evidence and Impact of Financial Globalization devotes separate articles to specific crises, the conditions that cause them …