Policymakers are concerned about nitrogen and phosphorus export to water bodies. Exports may be reduced by paying … evaluate the cost-effectiveness of practice and performance incentives for reducing nitrogen exports. Performance incentives …

The effects of considering variable within-farm soil runoff and leaching potential on costs of reducing nitrogen losses … are analyzed for a Virginia dairy. Manure applications may cause nitrogen losses through runoff and leaching because of … factors such as uncertain nitrogen mineralization. Farmers can reduce nitrogen control costs by applying manure on soils with …