In this paper the cyclical behaviour of markups in presence of imperfect capital markets has been analysed from an empirical point of view. A markup equation has been estimated including among regressors a leverage variable. This approach is based on the hypothesis that more leveraged firms have...

This paper analyses the empirical literature which tests the hypothesis that imports (or potential imports) may increase domestic competition. Most of studies analysed, including those conducted on industrialised countries and more recent contributions on less developed countries, confirm the...

Theoretical literature suggests that firms’ financial structure affects their real decisions because of capital markets imperfections. Several empirical studies have been conducted to test this hypothesis. This survey illustrates the main results of this literature focusing on the effects of...

In this paper we look at both the theoretical and empirical behavior of price-cost margins when capital market imperfections affect firms’ markup policies. We present a model of a firm operating in an industry with differentiated products and facing imperfect markets for financing operations....