The factor X in the RPI-X regulation aims to adjust price or revenue allowances to changes in total factor productivity …

This paper contributes a theoretical analysis of the effects of different types of regulation on the timing of monopoly … base, we distinguish between price-based regulation and cost-based regulation. Under cost-based regulation, investment … triggers a change of regulated prices, whereas, under price-based regulation, investment does not affect them. To motivate …

This paper shows with a formal model that under monopoly regulation, OPEX-risk can be a source for a CAPEX-bias. If …-OPEX-CAPEX- share (FOCS) which is a variation of TOTEX-regulation and second, OPEX-mark-up. FOCS internalizes the CAPEX-bias and can be …