While the question of how effectively the IFIs have performed their international economic, financial, social, environmental and developmental responsibilities in their work with these debtor countries has been extensively analyzed and debated, their compliance with their applicable...

This chapter is the introductory chapter in a book on how both state and non-state actors and their lawyers use hard and soft international law in advocating for social change. Both non-state and state actors understand that, sometimes working together and sometimes apart, they can use...

This special issue is a cooperation of the Yale Journal of International Law and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). It emerged from UNCTAD's work on sovereign debt workouts, specifically from its Working Group on a Sovereign Debt Workout Mechanism (2013 to 2015)....

This paper is a contribution to a book on exploring how hard and soft international law are used in advocating for social change. It focuses on the two sets of international standards that are applicable to international finance. The first are the international financial regulatory standards...

This is the introduction to an edited volume of papers on International Financial Institutions and International Law. The introduction provides an explanation of the editors motivation for undertaking this book project and an overview of the chapters in the book

This is the conclusion to the edited volume, International Financial Institutions and International Law. After a brief overview of the key points made in the volume, the authors offer some observations on the role that international law plays and should play in the functioning of international...

International financial institutions (IFIs) have a dual character. First, they are inter-governmental organizations that are created by states for a public purpose; and their authority and mandates are based on an international agreement to which all their Member States are party. As subjects of...

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of the Federal Reserve as a leading actor in global economic governance. As a creature of U.S. domestic law with an international presence and operational independence, the Fed wields authority without a well-defined international legal status,...