protect EU growers of certain fruits and vegetables against international competition. We represent these trade costs in the … Africa’s exports of tomatoes to the EU from 2008 to 2013, using the gravity model of trade. Our results show that at both the … extensive and intensive margins of trade, the high stringency of EU pesticide standard prevents new entry into the EU market …

developing-country trade. Therefore, as part of a comprehensive agreement on climate change, new WTO rules could be negotiated … that would prohibit the extreme form of action while possibly allowing trade actions based on domestic carbon content as a …

, potentially creating pressure for trade action. A key factor affecting the impact of any border taxes is whether they are based on … seriously damage developing country trade. …

The negotiations on trade in services at the WTO have so far produced little liberalization beyond levels unilaterally …

just the World Trade Organization but other multilateral institutions as well; and (5) despite shifts in economic power …

This paper focuses on self-selection into trade by exporting and importing firms, and on the presence of differential … heterogeneity and the connection between firm-level performance and international trade. They provide evidence on the remarkable …

2009. We employ a theoretically justified gravity model which incorporates the extensive margin of trade and accounts for … variables. Next, we estimate the model for each trade margin (extensive and intensive) separately to evaluate the effects of … more integrated into regional production networks and this has had a positive impact in terms of increasing trade volumes …