absolute Commission fine. Independent variables fall into four groups: the extent of the cartel’s antitrust injuries; factors … cartel; and controls for time, for changes in EC guidelines, for nationality of the defendant, and for industry …-specific characteristics. The predictive power of the final model is quite satisfactory. We find that EC corporate cartel fines generally …

become fugitives than are domestic cartelists. Suggestions that U.S. prosecutors discriminate against Asian cartel managers …

cartel overcharges exceed $1.5 trillion, 60% by global cartels; Monetary penalties reached $170 billion: 2.3% of sales and …

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the current cartel fine levels of the European Union and the United … results show that on average these cartel overcharges are significantly larger than the criminal fines of either the European …

cartel characteristics. International conspiracies, global cartels, and bid-rigging schemes are granted lower percentage than …

convicted global cartel wholly outside U.S. territory. Because of ineffective antitrust enforcement in its home country …, Empagran and similarly situated buyers favor having this right, whereas Roche and 19 other members of the vitamins cartel … from future cartel injuries. Territorial expansion will also increase the probability of discovery of clandestine cartels …

authorities after January 1990. The median cartel had five corporate members and generated $1.2 billion in sales during the … penalties, if imposed at maximum levels, would extract about 12 times cartel overcharges, a level sufficient to deter most firms … from forming or joining a cartel. However, applying optimal deterrence concepts to the characteristics of modern …

This paper analyzes the first 13 cartel decisions of the European Commission under its 2006 revised fining guidelines …. I find that the severity of the cartel fines is more than five times higher than those figured under the previous 1998 … rare) examples of supra-deterrence. Nearly all recent cartel decisions reward one or more participant with full or partial …