focus on LICs, macroeconomic policies in Africa prior to the crisis. It then discusses factors behind ‘the Africa surprise …

In Africa's least developed countries (LDCs), escape from poverty and convergence to living standards of more advanced …) constraints and develops a theoretical framework that examines the main obstacles to entrepreneurship in Africa's LDCs. The paper … and workers can help establish more modern and highly productive SME clusters that Africa's LDCs need …

Limited access of entrepreneurs to credit constrains the creation and growth of private firms. In Africa, access to … productive entrepreneurship and private sector employment in Africa. -- credit constraints ; productive entrepreneurship …