We provide a direct proof for consistency and asymptotic normality of Gaussian maximum likelihood estimators for causal and invertible ARMA time series models, which were initially established by Hannan (1973) via the asymptotic properties of a Whittle's estimator. This also paves the way to...

This paper examines the Gaussian maximum likelihood estimator (GMLE) in the context of a general form of spatial autoregressive and moving average (ARMA) processes with finite second moment. The ARMA processes are supposed to be causal and invertible under the half-plane unilateral order, but...