This study examines imposing and testing restrictions on preference variables in the Rotterdam model through the impacts of these variables on marginal utilities. An empirical analysis of the impact of a female labor force participation variable in a Rotterdam demand system for fresh fruit...

This study examined the impacts of four promotional tactics—features, displays, features and display together, and temporary price reductions—in context of a conditional demand system for 12 beverages. The Rotterdam model with promotion effects specified through the...

This paper examines several approaches to introduce advertising in systems of demand equations. Advertising is included in the Rotterdam model using an unrestricted specification and three restricted specifications - advertising affects demand alternatively through (1) marginal utilities as in...

Alternative theoretically based restrictions on autoregressive error processes in systems of demand equations are examined. Scaling, translation, and a utility-based approach suggested by Theil are used to generate restrictions. A study of juice demands suggests that the restrictions examined...

The differential demand system or Rotterdam model is extended to include lagged consumption through translation parameters, providing an alternative to simply adding constant terms to the model to allow for trends in consumption and changes in tastes. Application of the model to four broadly...

A mixed demand system is developed using the fundamental matrix equation of demand theory. The model parameterization combines the parameterizations of the quantity- and price- dependent Rotterdam models. The relationship between the mixed-demand-model parameters and the underlying direct and...

The differential demand model for uniform substitutes is used to analyze demand for orange-juice products. Consumption trends are examined by allowing the marginal propensities to consume to vary with time. Results indicate ready-to-serve (frozen concentrated) orange juice has become more (less)...

Asymmetry is introduced into the Rotterdam model by allowing the income response to depend on whether real income increases or decreases. Price responses, in turn, are asymmetric through the general and specific substitution terms. Analysis of data on food and three other broadly defined goods...