from various Statistics Canada surveys and focuses on the real (hourly or weekly) wages earned by full-time workers. It is … changed over the past three decades. Wages are expressed in 2010 dollars. Since the early 1980s, real wages of various groups … changes, growth in international trade, institutional factors (e.g., de-unionization, changes in minimum wages, and changes in …

union density on firm productivity and wages in the population of Norwegian firms over the period 2001 to 2012. Increases in … union density lead to substantial increases in firm productivity and wages having accounted for the potential endogeneity of …

Using nationally representative workplace data for Britain we identify the partial correlation between workplace wages … and the percentage of migrants employed at a workplace. We find wages are lower in workplaces employing a higher …

levels, which suggests these pay methods provide utility to workers in addition to that through higher wages. These findings …

to maintain their real wages by reducing labor demand still further. Furthermore, we argue inflationary pressures have …

enrollment with respect to wages. …