Bank distress can have severe negative consequences for the stability of the financial system, the real economy, and … public finances. Regimes for restructuring and restoring banks financed by bank levies and fiscal backstops seek to reduce … these costs. Bank levies attempt to internalize systemic risk and increase the costs of leverage. This paper evaluates the …

affects bank lending depends on whether the banks are drawing on official-sector liquidity facilities. Third, liquidity …

sovereign debt exposures and the implications of sovereign exposures for bank risk. Our main findings are as follows. First … impact of sovereign bond holdings on bank risk. This result could indicate the widespread absence of marking-to-market for …

Bank distress can have severe negative consequences for the stability of the financial system, the real economy, and … for public finances. Regimes for the restructuring and resolution of banks, financed by bank levies and fiscal backstops …, seek to reduce these costs. Bank levies attempt to internalize systemic risk and to increase the costs of leverage. This …