address the following questions. How are macroeconomic shocks transmitted to bank risk and other banking variables? What are … the sources of bank heterogeneity, and what explains differences in individual banks’ responses to macroeconomic shocks …? Our paper has two main findings: (i) Average bank risk declines, and average bank lending increases following expansionary …

,300 mergers that took place between 1978 and 2001 to analyse the determinants of international bank mergers. We test the extent to … regulated environments are less likely to be the targets of international bank mergers. Hence, the lifting of regulations can … spur growth in cross-border bank mergers. Also, mergers tend to be less frequent if information costs are high. …

of bank complexity. Yet, surprisingly little is known about changes in complexity across countries, its drivers, and its …

backstop for bank restructuring is needed. The ESM can play a role but additional fiscal burden sharing agreements are needed …

backstop for bank restructuring is needed. The ESM can play a role but additional fiscal burden sharing agreements are needed …

mitigated. Second, bank resolution suffers from a highly complex governance structure. Restructuring and bail-in rules allow for …