address the following questions. How are macroeconomic shocks transmitted to bank risk and other banking variables? What are … the sources of bank heterogeneity, and what explains differences in individual banks’ responses to macroeconomic shocks …? Our paper has two main findings: (i) Average bank risk declines, and average bank lending increases following expansionary …

of increased bank capital in terms of reduced loans could be substantial, there are good reasons to believe that the … between the capitalization of the banking sector and bank loans using panel cointegration models. We study the evolution of … the German economy for the past 60 years. We find no evidence for a negative impact of bank capital on business loans …