effect of macroeconomic volatility, the openness of the banking system, and banking regulations on bank risks. Our measure of … bank risk is the volatility of banks’ pretax profits. We find that macroeconomic volatility increases banks’ profit … volatility and that international openness of the banking system lowers bank risk. We find no impact of banking regulation on …

, one potentially adverse effect of globalization is the possibility that business cycle volatility might increase. Rapid … to unstable international capital flows. At the same time, business cycle volatility in OECD countries seems to have been …

, one potentially adverse effect of globalization is the possibility that business cycle volatility might increase. Rapid … to unstable international capital flows. At the same time, business cycle volatility in OECD countries seems to have been …

Weakening bargaining power of unions and the increasing integration of the world economy may affect the volatility of … capital and labor incomes. This paper documents and explains changes in income volatility. Using a theoretical framework which … builds distribution risk into a real business cycle model, hypotheses on the determinants of the relative volatility of …

Moderationʺ can be found in firm level data as well remains disputed. We study the evolution of firm level output volatility using … trends in unconditional firm level and aggregated output volatility in Germany are similar. There has been a long …-run downward trend, which was interrupted by the unification period. Second, the conditional, idiosyncratic firm level volatility …