The relationship between legal standards of proof and thresholds of statistical significance is a well-known and studied phenomena in the academic literature. Moreover, the distinction between the two has been recognized in law. For example, in Matrix v. Siracusano, the Court unanimously...

Economic approaches to determining criminal sanctions focus on harm-based “optimal” penalties. In this note, we examine the extent to which the criminal fines for organizations convicted of price fixing contained in the United States Sentencing Commission Guidelines (USSG) and relied on by...

This chapter examines the nature of optimal price fixing penalties on organizations in the presence of criminal sanctions for individuals employed by convicted firms. In other work, we examined the nature of optimal penalties for firms convicted for price fixing when the only sanction is the one...