We investigate the determinants of the number of outside directorships held by chief executive officers (CEOs) of small, unquoted companies. CEOs of growth-oriented firm's hold more outside directorships, as do CEOs of more complex firms. This reflects the need to acquire external resources and...

This essay critically examines twenty-two studies designed to measure the competitiveness of cities and city-regions. We suggest that while this research may show statistical correlations between different dimensions of competitiveness, there is little in the way of causation. More...