[eng] This article deals with the latest developments of European union. Since the beginning of the European monetary system in economic and monetary convergence has strengthened in Europe ; national discrepancies still persist. The latest official propositions the national reactions they have...

We present in this article a summary of our work on the relation between country size and growth strategy. We begin by reviewing the major steps in the literature on the economics of country size, focusing on contemporary contributions, from the Robinson volume (1960) to Alesina and Spolaore?s...

[eng] Intra-cis trade and payments . . Within the former Soviet Union, interdependencies of the production sectors of the member Republics were particularly strong. The breakdown of the Union has aggravated the already marked tendency for inter-Republican trade to contract, with very serious...

[fre] Dans cet article, nous mettons en évidence que l'étalon or se présente comme une gigantesque accumulation de dettes publiques et nous dégageons plusieurs hypothèses relatives aux facteurs réels et monétaires ayant permis cette accumulation. En second lieu, en nous concentrant sur...

[fre] Dans les pays européens, les niveaux d'intervention publique dans la produc­tion apparaissent comparables. Pourtant, des processus de développement éco­nomique similaires y ont façonné des secteurs publics si hétérogènes qu'il est difficile de définir un modèle européen du...

Even though the EU clearly leads the global fight against climate change and despite the additional reduction in emissions due to the global crisis and European recession, the ambitious objectives flagged in the ?20-20-20 by 2020? strategy and ?climate-energy package ? may be out of reach if a...

Under the Articles of the Confederation, the central government of the United States had limited power to tax. Therefore, large debts accumulated during the US War for Independence traded at deep discounts. That situation framed a US fiscal crisis in the 1780s. A political revolution ?for that...