employment, start-up incentives are a fundamentally different approach to ALMP, in that they intend to encourage and help … unemployed individuals to exit unemployment by entering self-employment and, thus, by creating their own jobs. In this sense …, start-up incentives for unemployed individuals serve not only as employment and social policy to activate job seekers and …

into specific programs. Moreover, previous studies have shown that many traditional ALMP programs, like public employment …

evaluate the employment effects of job creation schemes on the participating individuals in Germany. Based on a large …