Arts, democracy, and innovation co-evolve. While for the Triple Helix model the existence of a democracy is not … necessary for knowledge production and innovation, the Quadruple Helix is here more explicit. The way how the Quadruple Helix is … being engineered, designed, and "architected" clearly shows that there cannot be a Quadruple Helix innovation system without …

. However, the key determinant of their efficacy is the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship-enabled innovation that unlocks … which government, academia, industry, and civil society are seen as key actors promoting a democratic approach to innovation …