) around the globe, with the focus on alternative finance—financing from all the non-market, non-bank external sources. We …-growing economies. We compare market and bank finance with alternative finance, along with the supporting mechanisms such as legal and …

Loan guarantees represent a form of government intervention to support bank lending. However, their use raises concerns … as to their effect on bank risk-taking incentives. In a model of financial fragility that incorporates bank capital and a … bank incentive problem, we show that loan guarantees reduce depositor runs and improve bank underwriting standards, except …