The coming energy transition in residential neighbourhoods in the Netherlands is the result of the increasing cost of CO2 emission and the decreasing costs of solar PhotoVoltaics (PV) and alternative techniques of residential heating, namely Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and heat pump. The...

This CPB Discussion Paper merges two isolated bodies of literature: the Markov chain model with macro data (MacRae, 1977) and the ecological inference model (Robinson, 1950). Both are choice models. They have the same likelihood function and the same regression equation. Decades ago, this...

Mirror data are observations of bilateral variables such as trade from one country to another, reported by both countries. The efficient estimation of a bilateral variable from its mirror data, for example when compiling consistent international trade statistics, requires information about the...

This paper presents some suggestions for the specification of dynamic models. These suggestions are based on the supposed continuous-time nature of most economic processes. In particular, the partial adjustment model -or Koyck lag model- is discussed. The refinement of this model is derived...

A simple model of “hourglass†problems is presented. For such problems, the benefit of a national policy measure is propagated to all countries through one single world-wide variable.<span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;">The prime example is the effect of the reduction of CO</span></span><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: xx-small;">2 </span></span><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;">emission on the world climate.</span></span><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;">Five </span></span><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: NimbusRomNo9L-Regu; font-size: small;">optimal...</span></span>

In this memorandum the optimal capacity of Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is derived, using a simple model with an analytical solution. The solution is expressed as the fraction of the time during which the heat demand exceeds the optimal CHP heat production capacity.

This paper discusses a widely used discrete-time analog of dynamic continuous-time models. This analog can not be used for the estimation of models with fast adaption to shocks. This has been overlooked in the econometric literature. In the engineering literature this same analogon is...

With the ongoing liberalization and integration of European energy markets and the increasing worries about security of supply, the need for thorough economic analysis of electricity markets is growing. Elmar is a model for the European electricity market, taking into account imperfect...

This paper is about the discrepancies in reported bilateral statistical data ("mirror data"). For example the trade from country A to country B is not reported the same in the two countries. The discrepancies are used to estimate the accuracy of the reporters. The estimated accuracies are to...

This report analyses the effects of Depreciation at Will (DAW) on offshore gas production, government budget and employment in the gas industry. The DAW enables firms to accelerate deprecation of investments in platforms and other offshore equipment. The interest advantage due to the postponed...