Problem Definition: The Covid-19 pandemic allowed the Operations Management/Research (OM/OR) community to experiment with virtual conference formats, which are expected to provide substantial environmental benefits. It is unclear, however, how such format change affects the value conferences...

This study contributes to the debate on the environmental impacts of academic conferences by comparing the life cycle impacts of a sample of real-world in-person, virtual, and hybrid conferences with different features and organizers. Results show that virtual formats reduce impacts by 2-3...