We cross-sectionally analyze the presence of aggregated hidden depth and trade volume in the S&P 500 and identify its key determinants. We find that the spread is the main predictor for a stock's hidden dimension, both in terms of traded and posted liquidity. Our findings moreover suggest that...

We develop a model of an order-driven exchange competing for order flow with off-exchange trading mechanisms. Liquidity suppliers face a trade-off between benefits and costs of order exposure. If they display trading intentions, they attract additional trade demand. We show, in equilibrium,...

We extend the classic ''martingale-plus-noise'' model for high-frequency returns to accommodate an error correction mechanism and endogenous pricing errors. It is motivated by (i) novel empirical evidence documenting that microstructure noise exhibits frequently changing patterns of serial...

Order display is associated with benefits and costs. Benefits arise from increased execution-priority, while costs are due to adverse market impact. We analyze a structural model of optimal order placement that captures trade-off between costs and benefits of order display. For a benchmark model...

We develop a model of an order-driven exchange competing for order flow with off-exchange trading mechanisms. Large investors can trade in either the primary market or the off-exchange market and induce liquidity externalities. Liquidity suppliers in the primary market face a trade-off between...