We use annual data drawn from 1950-85 to estimate an econometric model of the money multiplier for the United Kingdom. We define the money multiplier as ratio of the money stock broadly defined (M3) and the monetary base (M0), and then decompose the multiplier into the currency ratio, the time...

Empirical tests of APT have relied on factor analysis to estimate the risk factors. Here the authors propose a diff erent two-stage iterative methodology that relates risk factors to ex plicit economic variables. In the first stage, portfolio returns are regressed over time against these...