This paper features an analysis of the cointegration relationships among agricultural commodity, ethanol and Cushing … cointegration and Markov-switching VECM and Impulse Response Analysis, confirms that these markets have significant linkages which … vary according to whether they are in low or high volatility regimes. …

mean and volatility. The endogenous structural breakpoint unit root test, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model …, and alternative volatility models, including the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model … reached a peak in 2008. We also find that that the volatility of global fertilizer prices and crude oil price from March to …