This paper examines the causal relationship between the economic growth and research output of the BRICS countries (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) for the period 1981–2011. Essentially this study looks at the human quality demonstrated by the production of knowledge...

This study reexamines the causal link between electricity consumption, economic growth and CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) for the period 1990–2010, using panel causality analysis, accounting for dependency and heterogeneity across...