This study re-examines the causal linkages between military expenditures and economic growth for the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and that for the USA for the period 1988-2012. Panel causality was examined to explain dependency and heterogeneity across...

This study applies the bootstrap panel causality test proposed by Kónya (2006), which accounts for both dependency and heterogeneity across countries, to test the causal link between population growth and economic growth in 21 countries over the period of 1870-2013. With regards to the...

This paper analyses the causal relationship between housing activity and growth in nine provinces of South Africa for the period 1995-2011, using panel causality analysis, which accounts for cross-section dependency and heterogeneity across provinces. Our empirical results support unidirectional...

This paper examines the causal relationship between oil consumption and economic growth in the BRICS countries using annual data from 1985 to 2011. We employ a bootstrap panel causality approach based on meta-analysis in heterogeneous mixed panels which accounts for both cross sectional...