We examine the effects of keiretsu structure on capital market timing. Keiretsu groups offer a hybrid structure between fully integrated conglomerates and stand alone firms. We find that past market conditions affect the capital structure of keiretsu firms more than they affect the capital...

We provide evidence that the financing decisions of companies that are audited by a Big Six auditor are less affected by information asymmetry. Specifically, these companies enjoy greater financial flexibility and depend less on favorable market conditions for their equity issuance decisions...