to invent tools and methodologies for effective inferences in panel unit root models. Simulations show that our approach …

observations. More specifically, we let each panel be driven by a general linear process which may be different across cross … then apply the bootstrap method to the approximated autoregressions to obtain the critical values for the panel unit root … tests, and establish the asymptotic validity of such bootstrap panel unit root tests under general conditions. The proposed …

presence of unit roots in some of the individual units for a given panel. The individual IV t-ratios, which are the bases of …

cointegrating relationships from each individual unit, and the nonlinear IV panel unit root testing procedure is applied to the … for the null of a fully non-cointegrated panel against the alternative of a mixed panel, i.e., a panel with only some … cointegrated units. We also consider the maximum of the IV t-ratios to test for a mixed panel against a fully cointegrated panel …

and cross-dependencies of panel models. Individual units are allowed to be dependent through correlations among …

demonstrate that this startling finding may be exploited to invent tools and methodologies for the effective inferences in panel …