Using event study methodology, we investigate whether bilateral investment protection treaties afford protection to foreign investors. Examining arbitral decisions for firms from six countries shows that firms that received awards from arbitrators gained in market value by as much as 3%. Per...

Kazakhstan possesses extensive natural resources reserves that are expected to yield significant export revenues. Since Kazakhstan's attaining independence in 1991, the composition of exports has changed in favor of energy-related sectors. In the context of such evidence and considerable...