The collapse of the Californian electricity market system in 2001 has highlighted urgency in research in intelligent electricity trading systems and strategies involving both suppliers and customs. In their trading systems, power generation companies under the new electricity trading arrangement...

Background: The current health care reform in China launched in 2009 tackles the problem of access to appropriate medicines for its 1.3 billion people by focusing on providing essential medicines to all. To provide evidence for the reform process, we investigated the manufacturing, purchasing,...

The statistical properties of the bid-ask spread of a frequently traded Chinese stock listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange are investigated using the limit-order book data. Three different definitions of spread are considered based on the time right before transactions, the time whenever the...

Using Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling, we investigate the critical behavior of two-dimensional magnetic lattice gas at densities ρ=0.90, 0.95, 1.0. There is a ferromagnetic phase transition at each density. As expected, the critical temperature T <Subscript> c </Subscript> depends on system...</subscript>

We report on room temperature ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) studies of [ t Co|2t Ni]  × N sputtered films, where 0.1 ≤ t ≤ 0.6 nm. Two series of films were investigated: films with the same number of Co|Ni bilayer repeats (N=12), and samples in which the overall magnetic layer thickness...

The thermally driven spin transport through mesoscopic ferromagnetic semimetal-normal metal junctions is investigated. A pure spin current can be enforced by the spin-polarised semimetal band structure and the spin current increases with increasing either the temperature bias or the equilibrium...