We investigate urban GDP pc growth across the EU12 using data for functionally definedcities - rather than administrative regions. We test hypotheses on the role of human capital,EU integration and fragmentation of urban government and explore spatial dependence andmechanisms of spatial...

Britain's land use regulation (planning) system imposes very tight restrictions on the supply of office space so creating substantial rents. An unmeasured part of the costs associated with these restrictions likely comes from compliance costs, one form of which could be rent-seeking activity...

We use store-specific data for a UK supermarket chain to estimate the impact of planning on store output. Exploiting the variation in policies between England and other UK countries, we isolate the impact of Town Centre First (TCF) policies introduced in England. We find they directly reduced...

Few studies conceive of land as a productive factor but British land use policies may lower total factor productivity (TFP) in the retailing industry by (i) restricting the total availability of land for retail, thereby increasing space costs (ii) directly limiting store size and (iii)...

The planning goals of urban containment and now densification conceive of houses in terms of physical units and of land 'supply' as the area allocated for housing by the planning system; estimates of 'demand' are driven by household projections. Prices and price volatility are, however,...