This paper surveys the empirical literature on the economic geography of trade flows, factor prices, and the location of production. The discussion is structured around the empirical predictions of a canonical theoretical model. We review empirical evidence on the determinants of trade costs and...

China's currency policy has been criticized for its apparent pursuit of mercantile advantage by artificially stimulating exports, which potentially have adverse effects on other economies. While China's currency policy may have positive output effects, there may be additional profits or losses....

Trade wars are being waged by the United States and Japan. Exports of high-tech inputs (e.g., fluorinated polyimides in semiconductor devices) are now curbed by these countries. Manufacturing high-quality outputs require the use of high-tech inputs. Exports of high-tech inputs may not only...

Cross-pollination can be caused by birds, insects and wind. Genetically modified (GM) seeds are produced each year in a controlled environment to maintain their purity. However, pollen from the GM crop can be transferred to traditional crops. When the GM crop producers are in long-run...

This paper investigates the effects of first-best policies to regulate nitrogen application. Some nitrogen fertilizer is applied ex ante before a random rainfall, but sidedressed nitrogen may be applied ex post. First-best policy is a tax or a quota on ex ante application, because sidedressed...

Lead Article. Cited in Giancarlo Gandolfo's textbook, International Economics I: The Pure Theory of International Trade (Springer-Verlag), 1995. Abstract Currently Unavailable.

This paper investigates long run consequences of international trade between two economies inhabited by two distinct races using different languages. If wages are not equal in autarky, free trade encourages the workers of the low-wage country to learn the language of the high-wage country. As...

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Cited in Giancarlo Gandolfo's textbook, International Economics I: The Pure Theory of International Trade (Springer-Verlag), 1995. Abstract Currently Unavailable.

This paper investigates a mixed market in which one or more producers of genuine brands compete with firms that produce counterfeit goods. The counterfeit product is assumed to be a good with positive marginal utility. Consumers recognize a counterfeit but knowingly purchase it because of its...