The arguments of this paper arise from the economic and methodological premises on behavior, markets and institutional structure that together influence asset-valuation. All these are bonded together to explain how methodology defines the domain of financial engineering in mainstream and Islamic...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to lay down the methodological structure of the epistemology of tawhid (Oneness of Allah). In this paper, the meaning of tawhid also refers to the monotheistic unity of knowledge (consilience) in the cast of its organic pairing by circular causation relations...