Current practice largely follows restrictive approaches to market risk measurement, such as historical simulation or … produce more accurate risk assessments, treating both portfolio-level and asset-level analysis. Asset-level analysis is … particularly challenging because the demands of real-world risk management in financial institutions—in particular, real-time risk …

covariances and correlations, and Section 7 discusses volatility forecast evaluation methods in both univariate and multivariate …Volatility has been one of the most active and successful areas of research in time series econometrics and economic … empirical insights to emerge from this burgeoning literature, with a distinct focus on forecasting applications. Volatility is …