Financial constraints affecting new firms are some of the factors most cited for impeding entrepreneurial dynamics from flourishing. This article introduces the problem of regional patterns of financial constraints. The research is conducted with regard to the French regions and the new French...

Has credit rationing increased in France for twelve years? The hypothesis of an increase in credit rationing to French firms is very often postponed by observers. This article looks for an answer by comparing the results of surveys carried out in 2000 and 20012 on a sample of bankers specialized...

There is a widespread belief in both academic literature and policy circles that small firms are unable to obtain sufficient banking loans.This idea finds a strong theoretical support in credit rationing theory, as initiated by Stiglitz and Weiss (1981). However, this is vigorously challenged by...