Ethiopia set out – and in large measure achieved – a very ambitious program of economic and social development under its Growth and Transformation Plan I. The scale of public sector involvement was very large: for the five-year Plan period, it called for budgetary government spending and...

When national competitiveness is invoked as a policy objective, trade experts have learned to retort that countries don't trade, firms do. This focus on the importance of the firm in international trade is consistent with the most recent developments in trade theory, but policy needs to catch...

When national competitiveness is invoked as a policy objective, trade experts have learned to retort that countries don't trade, firms do. This focus on the importance of the firm in international trade is consistent with the most recent developments in trade theory, but policy needs to catch...

The Doha Round has laboured from the beginning. Trade agreements have commercial objectives but the Doha Round was launched as an international political response to 9/11; the technical groundwork had not been laid and the movement on the built-in agenda had been negligible. Coming out of Hong...

At a time of unprecedented growth in trade fueled in part by a wave of trade liberalization, there has been a strong counter-current in terms of growth in non-tariff measures (NTMs) that tend to restrict trade. This short note takes up two questions: Why have NTMs proliferated and what are the...

This study seeks to identify and estimate the relative importance of supply - versus demand - side constraints on Ethiopia's exports. Ethiopia has tried radically different trade strategies in the past, including a strategy of import replacement/protection for infant industries during the...

Canada has historically been one of the major users of anti-dumping and anti-subsidy measures in international trade. This monograph provides an extensive and detailed review of Canadian practice under the Special Import Measures Act. It evaluates the performance and effectiveness of Canada's...

The distinction of introducing the first anti-dumping measure falls to Canada. At a time when tariffs were not bound, what made the duty special was that it could be levied administratively, rather than being enacted. In historical context, anti-dumping first made its appearance in an era that...

With the recent completion of a second Joint Study regarding a Canada-Japan Free Trade Agreement, and Canada's entry into the Trans-Pacific Partnership negotiations, which may eventually include Japan, the implications of trade liberalization with Asian economies gains renewed interest, in...