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countries 16.3% and in 3 Communist countries 22.3%. An increased burden of taxation and social security contributions, combined …
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taxation and social security contributions, combined with a labour market regulation are the driving forces of the shadow …
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of taxation and social security contributions combined with rising state regulatory activities are the driving forces for …
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is 41%, in transition countries 38% and in OECD countries 17%. An increasing burden of taxation and social security …
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of taxation and social security contributions combined with rising state regulatory activities are the driving forces for …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10002039255
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developing countries. An increasing burden of taxation and social security contributions combined with rising state regulatory …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009781691
This paper is a first attempt to estimate the size and development of the shadow economy of 158 countries over the period 1991 up to 2015. Using the Multiple Indicators, Multiple Causes (MIMIC) method we apply for the first time (i) the light intensity approach instead of GDP avoiding the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011697985