This paper is a first attempt to estimate the size and development of the shadow economy of 158 countries over the … size of the shadow economy of these 158 countries over 1991-2015 is 32.5% of official GDP, which was 34.82% in 1991 and … decreased to 30.66% in 2015. The lowest size of the shadow economy East Asian countries with 16.77% averaged over the period …

Using the MIMIC method, this paper is a first attempt to estimate the size of the shadow economy of 158 countries over … proxy for the size of the economy. Results suggest that the average size of the shadow economy of these 158 countries over …

findings, a growing shadow economy has a negative effect on official GDP growth, and a positive impact of corruption on the … criticized, estimates of the size of the shadow economy in 76 developing, transition and OECD-countries are presented. The … average size of a shadow economy varies from 12 percent of GDP for OECD, to 23 percent for transition and to 39 percent for …

economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various …"Estimations of the size and development of the shadow economy for 145 countries, including developing, transition and … highly developed OECD economies over the period 1999 to 2003 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a …

economy. Furthermore, the results show that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases … economies over 1999 to 2003 are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (as a percent of "official" GDP) in 2002/03 in … corruption in low income countries. Finally, the various estimation methods are discussed and critically evaluated. …

Using various statistical procedures, estimates about the size of the shadow economy in 110 developing, transition and … OECD countries are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent of official GDP) over 1999-2000 in … the growth and size of the shadow economy. If the shadow economy increases by one percent the annual growth rate of the …

Using the DYMIMIC approach, estimates of the shadow economy in 110 developing, transition and developed OECD countries … are presented. The average size of the shadow economy (in percent of official GDP) over 1999-2000 in developing countries … contributions are the driving forces of the shadow economy. If the shadow economy increases by one percent the growth rate of the …